However, medications can treat the symptoms when they arise, and people can take steps to reduce the frequency and severity of episodes. But keep in mind that these medications can have side effects. Pain relief and other types of medication can often help. Taking medication as soon as symptoms start may keep them from becoming severe. It is important to avoid overusing medication because overuse can cause a rebound headache.
A healthcare professional can help a person decide how much of each medication is safe and effective. Find some tips for instant migraine relief here. The following supplements might help prevent migraine. However, there is limited evidence that they work, and not much is known about their side effects:. Other nondrug approaches may include acupuncture and neck exercises or physical therapy.
Before trying any of these, speak with a healthcare professional. Research has not shown that these approaches work. Various products that claim to help relieve migraine are available for purchase online.
Anyone looking for an alternative therapy, such as acupuncture, should go to a qualified and experienced professional. What are some natural remedies for a headache? While it is not always possible to prevent migraine episodes, there are ways to reduce their frequency and severity. The following prescription drugs may help reduce the number of episodes that a person with severe migraine experiences:. It may take several weeks to see an improvement.
The best treatment in children or adolescents may be different from that in adults. A healthcare professional can help recommend the most effective approach. A migraine episode sometimes happens in response to a trigger. To identify a trigger, a person might keep a diary and record how they felt and what they did, ate, and drank before the symptoms appeared. If making these changes does not ease the severity and frequency of migraine episodes, a doctor may suggest medication or other options.
There are various types of migraine. A major distinguishing factor is whether they involve aura — sensory changes. A visual aura may feel like the aftermath of a very bright camera flash, but the visual changes may last for several minutes or up to 1 hour. Anyone experiencing an aura for the first time should contact a healthcare professional to rule out serious neurological problems, such as a stroke or a brain tumor.
Find out more about migraine aura here. More commonly, a person experiences no sensory disturbances before an episode.
Some other types of migraine include:. Anyone who may be experiencing any neurological symptoms should get medical attention.
And people who need treatment for migraine should consult a healthcare professional. These numbers stand for:. The doctor may recommend imaging or other tests to exclude other causes of the symptoms, such as a tumor, meningitis, or a stroke. There are 2 types of medicines for migraine treatments. Talk to your doctor about which of these two types of medicine is best for you. Some people use both types. Nonprescription and prescription medicines that are used often or in large doses may cause other problems.
For mild to moderate migraines, over-the-counter medicines that may help relieve migraine pain include:. A medicine called ergotamine can be effective alone or combined with other medicines. Dihydroergotamine is related to ergotamine and can be helpful. Other prescription medicines for migraines include sumatriptan, zolmitriptan, naratriptan, rizatriptan, almotriptan, eletriptan, and frovatriptan.
These medicines can be habit-forming and should be used cautiously. Your doctor may prescribe these only if they are needed and only for a short period of time. Migraines can come on quickly, many times without warning.
They can ruin your day—or even several days at a time. They can make you miss work, miss important events, miss out on fun.
Work with your doctor to take back control. Keep a migraine journal. Document when you get migraines and what you were doing and eating. Keep a record of what the weather was like and if you were exposed to unusual smells or environments. Knowing your triggers can help you prevent migraines. You doctor also may prescribe different medicines or combinations of medicines.
Doing this helps sort out which will be most effective for preventing migraines or stopping them when they start. Funding and support for this material have been provided by The Allergan Foundation.
This article was contributed by: familydoctor. This information provides a general overview and may not apply to everyone. Talk to your family doctor to find out if this information applies to you and to get more information on this subject.
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Home Diseases and Conditions Migraines. Table of Contents. Teenagers and Headaches. What is a migraine headache? What does a migraine feel like?
Symptoms of migraines Possible symptoms of migraines include: Intense throbbing or dull aching pain on one side of your head or both sides. Pain that worsens with physical activity. Nausea or vomiting. Changes in how you see, including blurred vision or blind spots.
Being bothered by light, noise, or odors. Stopped-up nose. Feeling cold or sweaty. Stiff or tender neck. Tender scalp. What causes migraines? What are some migraine risk factors and triggers? Common migraine risk factors include the following: Family history: You are much more likely to have migraines if one or both of your parents had migraines. Sex: Women are more likely than men to have migraines. Age: Most people have their first migraine during adolescence, but migraines can start at any age, usually before age Common migraine triggers include the following: Food and drink: Certain food and drink see list below may cause migraines.
Dehydration and dieting or skipping meals may also trigger migraines. Hormone changes: Women may experience migraines related to their menstrual cycles, to menopause, or to using hormonal birth control or hormone replacement therapy.
Stress: Stress may trigger migraines. Senses: Loud sounds, bright lights such as flashing lights or sunlight , or strong smells such as paint fumes or some perfumes may trigger migraines. Medicines: Certain medicines may trigger migraines. If you think your migraines might be related to your medicine, talk to your doctor. Your doctor may be able to prescribe a different medicine. Some women, however, find that their migraines occur less often when taking these medications.
Taking painkillers too often can trigger serious medication-overuse headaches. The risk seems to be highest with aspirin, acetaminophen and caffeine combinations. Overuse headaches may also occur if you take aspirin or ibuprofen Advil, Motrin IB, others for more than 14 days a month or triptans, sumatriptan Imitrex, Tosymra or rizatriptan Maxalt, Maxalt-MLT for more than nine days a month.
Medication-overuse headaches occur when medications stop relieving pain and begin to cause headaches. You then use more pain medication, which continues the cycle.
Migraine care at Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. This content does not have an English version. This content does not have an Arabic version. Overview A migraine is a headache that can cause severe throbbing pain or a pulsing sensation, usually on one side of the head. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic Minute Weathering migraines.
Share on: Facebook Twitter. Show references Cutrer FM, et al. Pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of migraine in adults.
Accessed Jan. Migraine information page. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Headache: Hope through research. Accessed Feb. Smith JH, et al. Acute treatment of migraine in adults. Simon RP, et al. In: Clinical Neurology.
McGraw Hill; Ha H, et al. Migraine headache prophylaxis.
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